Mannitol is a sugar alcohol commonly used in medical settings as a diuretic and renal diagnostic aid. It functions by increasing the osmolarity of the blood, which promotes diuresis, aiding in the reduction of elevated intracranial and intraocular pressures. Clinically, mannitol is often administered intravenously to manage conditions such as cerebral edema, glaucoma, and kidney failure. Its properties also make it useful in the delivery of certain medications and as a means to protect renal function during procedures requiring contrast agents. Additionally, mannitol finds applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries as a low-calorie sweetener and stabilizer. Its utility in various fields highlights its importance as a versatile and essential compound in both healthcare and commercial products.