Inosine is a nucleoside that consists of a ribose sugar molecule bound to the nitrogenous base hypoxanthine. It plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism as an intermediate in the recycling of purines, which are essential components of DNA and RNA. Beyond its structural function in nucleic acids, inosine serves as a versatile molecule with diverse biological roles. It contributes to energy metabolism pathways, particularly in the production of ATP, the primary energy currency of cells. Inosine also participates in regulatory mechanisms of the immune system, influencing inflammatory responses and immune cell function. Furthermore, research suggests potential neuroprotective properties of inosine, showing promise in supporting neuronal health and function, which may have implications for conditions involving neurological disorders and neurodegeneration. Its multifaceted contributions underline its significance in both fundamental cellular processes and potential therapeutic applications in health and disease.