Guanosine is a nucleoside composed of guanine, a nitrogenous base, and ribose, a sugar molecule. It serves as a critical component in the synthesis of RNA and DNA, playing a central role in genetic information storage and transfer within cells. Beyond its role in nucleic acid synthesis, guanosine acts as a signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes. It interacts with specific receptors, influencing neurotransmission, vascular tone regulation, and cellular energy metabolism. Guanosine’s biological significance extends to its involvement in maintaining cellular homeostasis, supporting neuronal function, and participating in pathways that modulate immune responses and inflammatory processes. Its versatile roles underscore its importance in both fundamental biological processes and potential therapeutic applications in treating neurological disorders and metabolic conditions.